随着应用方向的不断拓展,能够用到研磨仪的领域越来越多,但随着研究的深入,研磨条件也在不断的细化,特别是一些生物活性样品,在研磨过程中既要达到研磨效果,又要保证成分不失活,这就要求在研磨样品时温度升高不能太高。众所周知,研磨的过程是通过研磨珠与样品剧烈碰撞、摩擦而完成的。在这个过程中,随着产生的热量增大,温度也会增加。速度越快,热量越高,温度增高也越多。
目前为了抵御温升的影响,通常采用的方法是低温预冷和加缓冲液保护,低温预冷即将样品预先放置到低温环境中,一般为液氮或超低温冰箱,液氮预冷的速度较快,且温度较低,但不太适合新鲜动物组织,因为新鲜动物组织含水较多,经液氮冷冻后容易形成冰块,使样品变得更加不易破碎。另外,一些动物组织成分经液氮冻融之后容易失活,也不能经受太大的温度变化,所以动物组织研磨通常会采用缓冲液研磨或直接研磨。
缓冲液研磨可以一定程度上保护样品不过度升温,但从另一方面也会吸收研磨珠撞击的能量,故在缓冲液研磨时,通常要选择更高的速度才行。加缓冲液研磨时,研磨时间需要很久,且速度较高时,温度还是会有所升高。为了有效的解决这一矛盾,我们的自动研磨仪采用了化整为零的方式,即将一个较长的研磨过程分为几次来进行,每次研磨一段时间停顿一会,循环几次,原理类似于超声波破碎,举个例子来说:如果原来研磨一个样品需要很久的时间,我们的自动研磨仪就可以将其分为几次去进行,转速不变,每次都是研磨的时间和间歇时间都是一样的,在几次过后样品实际被研磨了很久,但由于每次时间都较短,温度不会升高太多,在暂停过程中,由于有预冷的适配器和缓冲液还能降温。这样既保证了样品的研磨效果,又保证了样品温度不会过度升高,可谓一举两得。
目前,自动研磨仪对动物组织的处理无疑是一种很好的仪器。相信随着实验条件的不断优化,间歇式自动研磨仪会有更大的应用空间。
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